ancient greece

Greek “Helias” due to the so-called “Greeks” in the Greek peninsula of the people living and the old state and civilization they founded.

The Hellenes or the ancient Greeks, who were farmers, had a very simple life at the beginning of their history, a shirt of wool that they woven on their backs, and a shoe of cattle skin on their feet. The villagers sat in the huts, which consist of a single room, and lay together with the pets. The nobles’ class spent their lives with war, prey, fun and competitions. Those living on the shore were fishing with non-durable boats.

Before being invaded by the warring tribes, the Achaeans and Borons, the small plains surrounded by the mountains on the Greek Peninsula were inhabited by communities forming rival independent sites. Athens and Isparta have a special place in ancient Greek civilization.

Ancient Greek people BC VI. century, the Anatolian coast and the Mediterranean (Southern Italy, Sicily) established new cities. In spite of great discrepancies and competition between the sites, the ancient Greek communities formed a unity in terms of religion and language, and through this union, the sites had pushed the Persians back, and even though the Isparta army was crushed in Termopil (Thermopylai), they won two great victories against the Persians. 490) and the Salamis Naval War (480 BC).

After these events, the ancient Greek civilization developed and especially Athens, its architects, scholars, philosophers, poets, musicians, theater actors and sculptors eternalized this civilization.

Towards the end of the 19th century, the sites were reunited and Athens and Isparta wanted to dominate all Greece separately. Therefore, the Peloponnesian War broke the entire population of the country and the plague epidemic broke the people of Athens. So Athens got under pressure from Isparta and had to give up its own laws.

The Persians, who benefited from these fights, seized Anatolia but could not obtain Greece. But soon the king of Macedonia, Filip (Philippos) II, would have no difficulty in conquering Greece (BC 337).

Alexander the Great

Filip’s son, Alexander the Great subjugated the rebellious sites (Thebes was razed to the ground) and embarked on conquests with greed. Within a decade, he established a vast empire from the Mediterranean to the shores of India. He settled on the throne of Darius III, married his daughter, adopted new counselors, and embraced many eastern customs. The weak unity of the Empire of Alexander, however, could not withstand the rivalry among its successors. With the collapse of the empire, the power of the original Greece came to an end; Antakya, Pergamum and Alexandria took its place.

Romans to Turks

The Greeks resisted the Celtic attacks for a while, but could not withstand the power of the Romans, and eventually bowed to them (146 BC). The ancient Greek civilization was so rich that Rome did not only spoil this richness and art treasures, but also tried to imitate it.

Greek literature, art and mythology became the most valid source for the Romans and eventually changed their civilization in a certain way. In political terms, Old Greece has now become two states governed by proconsuls. It remained outside the great economic movement of the Roman Empire, it was a summer residence for them.

Foreign invasions (Vizigot, Ostrogot, Islav, Bulgarians) led to the destruction and disintegration of Greece (III. To X century).

Sites and Citizens

The establishment of sites in Ancient Greece is a 2,500 year event and the foundation of this civilization is the site (police). Each site consisted of a few (five-ten thousand) citizens; Citizens living on the site would gain the right to participate in state administration by taking on various tasks (financiers, soldiers) in turn and they would enjoy the security of the laws.

The inhabitants of the site were not politically equal: foreigners and slaves had no right. The things that were deemed to be despicable and were based on elimination were made.

Citizens lived in the central part of the city; it was a fortified fortress during the war and the center of political, intellectual, religious and economic life in the days of peace. Each site had its own gods and religions that were practiced only by their own citizens.

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